Explaining the uses of plastics- to cover plastic raw materials, machinery,
and processes: Companies may feel free to add information here please
send info@plastixportal.co.za,
(companies are invited to offer explanations of plastic terms
in all categories - not yet explained here)
Commodity Plastics
HDPE
LDPE
LLDPE
PP
Organoleptic Polymers
Plastomers
USES: Bottles (up to 25 ltr), Sheet, Geomembranes, Injection moulded articles, Bags
Semi-Commodity Plastics
GPPS
HIPS
EPS(Expandable PS)
ABS
Metallozine
USES: Stationery Items & Pens, Medical Items & Petri-Dishes,
Packaging
Stationery Items, Fridge Liners, Toys, Picture Frames, Cutlery, Packaging
Disposable Food Containers, Protective Packaging
Yoghurt Cups and Margarine Tubs, Appliances, Furniture Components, Automotive
Components, Household Goods
Swimming Pool Parts, Appliance Components.
Engineering Plastics
PA6(Nylon 6 unfilled & glass filled
PMMA(Acrylic)
POM(Acetal)
PC(Polycarbonate)
SAN
PBT(unfilled and glass filled)
PET
TPE(Thermoplastic Elastomers)
Alloys(eg. PC/ABS)
PUR(Polyurethane)
Barrier Packaging, Fishing Line, Furniture Components, Automotive Components,
Industrial Components, Industrial Appliance Components
Number Plates, Roof Sheeting, Promotional Items
Gears, Automotive Components
Roof Sheeting, Swimming Pool Components, Plugs, Protective Gear
Cosmetic Jars
Electrical Appliances, Castor Wheels
Still and Carbonated Drink Bottles
Airbag Covers, Over Moulded Grips, Gaskets, Medical Components, Sports
Equipment
Automotive Components, Appliances
Ear Tags, Mining Screens, Conveyor Belts, Footwear
Speciality Polymers & Products
EVOH
Adhesive Polymer
Easy Peel Adhesive
Polymer Performance Enhancers
Metallozene Plastomers
Finished Films
Barrier Packaging in Cheese, Processed Meats, Medicine, Cosmetic Packaging
Tie Layer used in Barrier Packaging
Easy Peel Seal used in confectionary, yoghurt, condiments, etc , Packaging
Add to Polymers to increase strength, impact strength, cold temperature
performance, chemical resistance, etc.
5 - Layer Barrier Films, PET Film, BOPP Film
Thermosets
PF(Phenolic)
Appliances, Cookware Handles, Toilet Seats, Industrial Components
Additives for Plastics
Titanium Dioxide
Pigments
Anti-fogging agents
Tackifiers
Processing Aids
1 Pack Stabilizers
Impact Modifiers
Colour Modifier
Waxes and Lubricants
PVC
PVC
Information Courtesy
of Protea Polymers
Uses of Foam
Products:
These materials include low density flexible foam used in upholstery
and bedding, low density rigid foam used for thermal insulation, soft
solid elastomers used for gel pads and print rollers, and hard solid
plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts.
Polyurethanes are widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating,
rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam seals and gaskets,
durable elastomeric wheels and tires, electrical potting compounds,
high performance adhesives and sealants, Spandex fibers, seals, gaskets,
carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts.
Production of Foams:
The main polyurethane producing reaction is between a diisocyanate (aromatic
and aliphatic types are available) and a polyol, typically a polypropylene
glycol or polyester polyol, in the presence of catalysts and materials
for controlling the cell structure, (surfactants) in the case of foams.
Polyurethane can be made in a variety of densities and hardnesses by
varying the type of monomer(s) used and adding other substances to modify
their characteristics, notably density, or enhance their performance.
Other additives can be used to improve the fire performance, stability
in difficult chemical environments and other properties of the polyurethane
products. Though the properties of the polyurethane are determined mainly
by the choice of polyol, the diisocyanate exerts some influence, and
must be suited to the application. The cure rate is influenced by the
functional group reactivity and the number of functional isocyanate
groups. The mechanical properties are influenced by the functionality
and the molecular shape. The choice of diisocyanate also affects the
stability of the polyurethane upon exposure to light. Polyurethanes
made with aromatic diisocyanates yellow with exposure to light, whereas
those made with aliphatic diisocyanates are stable.[24] Softer, elastic,
and more flexible polyurethanes result when linear difunctional polyethylene
glycol segments, commonly called polyether polyols, are used to create
the urethane links. This strategy is used to make spandex elastomeric
fibers and soft rubber parts, as well as foam rubber. More rigid products
result if polyfunctional polyols are used, as these create a three-dimensional
cross-linked structure which, again, can be in the form of a low-density
foam. An even more rigid foam can be made with the use of specialty
trimerization catalysts which create cyclic structures within the foam
matrix, giving a harder, more thermally stable structure, designated
as polyisocyanurate foams. Such properties are desired in rigid foam
products used in the construction sector. Careful control of viscoelastic
properties — by modifying the catalysts and polyols used —can lead to
memory foam, which is much softer at skin temperature than at room temperature.
There are then two main foam variants: one in which most of the foam
bubbles (cells) remain closed, and the gas(es) remains trapped, the
other being systems which have mostly open cells, resulting after a
critical stage in the foam-making process (if cells did not form, or
became open too soon, foam would not be created). This is a vitally
important process: if the flexible foams have closed cells, their softness
is severely compromised, they become pneumatic in feel, rather than
soft; so, generally speaking, flexible foams are required to be open-celled.
The opposite is the case with most rigid foams. Here, retention of the
cell gas is desired since this gas (especially the fluorocarbons referred
to above) gives the foams their key characteristic: high thermal insulation
performance. A third foam variant, called microcellular foam, yields
the tough elastomeric materials typically experienced in the coverings
of car steering wheels and other interior automotive components.
Information Courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org
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